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Hardy-Weinberg Calculator

Calculate allele and genotype frequencies using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle, a fundamental concept in population genetics.

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Enter the frequency of the dominant allele (p) or recessive allele (q)
  2. The calculator will automatically compute the other allele frequency (p + q = 1)
  3. View the calculated genotype frequencies:
    • Homozygous dominant (p²)
    • Heterozygous (2pq)
    • Homozygous recessive (q²)
  4. Check if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p² + 2pq + q² = 1)
  5. Use the results to analyze population genetics
Understanding Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

The Hardy-Weinberg principle is a fundamental concept in population genetics that describes the relationship between allele and genotype frequencies in a population under specific conditions.

Key Equations
  • p + q = 1 (Sum of allele frequencies)
  • p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (Sum of genotype frequencies)
  • Where:
    • p = frequency of dominant allele (A)
    • q = frequency of recessive allele (a)
    • p² = frequency of AA genotype
    • 2pq = frequency of Aa genotype
    • q² = frequency of aa genotype
Assumptions

For Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to apply, a population must meet these conditions:

  • Random mating
  • No mutation
  • No migration
  • Large population size
  • No natural selection
Applications

The Hardy-Weinberg principle is used to:

  • Predict genotype frequencies in populations
  • Test if a population is evolving
  • Estimate carrier frequencies of genetic disorders
  • Study population genetics and evolution
Hardy-Weinberg Calculator

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